John,
I know it can be very difficult when you start to learn a completely new discipline.
I think your best bet would be to try to obtain some engineering adhesives rather than relying on what adhesives you already know about.
I buy a Loctite clone high strength engineering adhesive, about half the price of normal Loctite, at about 12 squid for a medium sized bottle. You only use it in drops, and it lasts me a couple of years at least. In fact most times it goes well out of date before the bottle is empty.
I also have two smaller bottles, about a fiver each, one is for high strength fits with up to 0.25mm (0.010") gaps, and the other is a bearing fit. These two are the ones that can really get you out of a fix, but not used as often as the above. The gap filler one is much thicker than the other two, so it stays where it is put. They all work on the principle of setting when there is no air present, so when they come, the bottles are only half full, they don't go off when they have plenty of space around them.
Those three take care of almost any job I am liable to encounter.
They do take up to 24 hours to reach max strength, but they are really well worth having in your arsenal.
John